Pneumatic tire casing



meeuwen-1,1936 Y 2,027,248

UNITED STATES PATENT oriucla.v

PNEUMATIC TIRE CASING Ralph M. Reel, Newark, (ihio, assigner to The Phars Tire and Rubber Company, Newark, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio n Application August 7, 1933, Serial No. 684,09 ,2 claims. (o1. 152-13) Pi'ihis invention relates to improvements in the wherein has been illustrated the preferred form construction of pneumatic vehicle tires, and has of my present invention. In said drawing:

particular reference to tires of the type embody- Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse sectional view ing a fabric or cord carcass, intermediate plies taken through a DOItiOD f e tire GODStrlGted in t `or" graded soft rubber and an outer tread ply of accordance with the present invention; a relatively hard abrasion-resisting rubber. It Fig. 2 iS ein4 enlarged Vertical Sectional view on is a primary object of the invention to provide the line II-II of Fig. 1. an improved tire of this character wherein the In order to insure a clear and active underrelatively soft rubber intermediate plies of the Standing 0f my invention, a tire is shown in the l@ tire casing are so disposed that the shocks, fies eCeOmpanying drawing COmPIlSing e fabric car- 10 ures and strains set up in the tire when in use will cass I, which is formed in the usual manner by be eiiectively absorbed by said intermediate plies SllDeIimlJOsing layers of treated cords 01' fabric, to the end of minimizing internal temperatures, which are worked in the usual manner about the to distribute the stresses and strains in suon bead portions 2. A relatively soft loyer of rubber i5 manner as to prolong the life of the tire and to 01 rubber C0mll0l1nd`3 iS diSlJOSed UDOD the fabric 15 avoid the presence ci conditions which result in CeICeSS t0 extend frem bead t0 bead. The layer tire failures suon oe blow-outs and other forms of 3 is relatively thin in cross section and is adapted prematuretire deterioration, t0 Separate thev Outer Side Walls l 0f the tread Another object of the invention resides in the layer 5 from the carcass. Also e Cushion laver n@ provision of a tire of the character above indi- 6 of a relatively soft rubber compound is ar- 20 `cated in which the outer tread ply composed of Hinged between the treed proper 0f the tire and a relatively hard abrasion-resisting' rubber 1S vthe relatively softer rubber intermediate layer spaced from the Cord carcass of the tire by an 3 t0 aSSlSt ll'l. the abSOIpOn 0f Substantially Vel.'- imgermediate ply 0f Soft rubber Coni-,aiming antically directed thrusts or compression strains.

w, timmy sulphide extending from bead to bead bf 'ihe cushion 6 is also relatively thin in cross sec- 25 the tire. This intermediate ply is,v of suon form tion, es Compared withthe outer tread layer of that it functions as a cushion between the tread the tire, but iS Only 0f Suieient length t0 regis ply and the cord plies and possesses a, 10W moduiStel With the Outer thickened tread regions 0f ius (ratio of stress to strain) which permits it the ,leyel 5 and net t0 any material extent with to give under very low stresses-so that it permits the Side walls the tread and side walls to work back and forth It 1S necessary that the Outer DOltiOn 0r tread as the tire flexes without transmitting the re- Steek 5 0f the tire be 0f relatively herd rubber in sulting push and pull to the carcass; The arorder to withstand the severe wear incident to its rangement and composition of said intermediate engagement With road surfaces. This stock is n@ ply tends to minimize the generation of neet provided with the usual traction projections or within the tire casing and affords a better and buttons l. The intermediate layer 3, which is more permanent union between the tread and vulcanized to the carcass I, 1S Composed 0f a carcass than is afforded in tires of standard man- GOmDOund by which the advantages above set ufactme. forth are obtainable. The layer 3 must be rela- Ti; is g, further Object of the invention to emtively soft and resilient, in order to cushion the 40 ploy a cushion between the intermediate ply and inward movement of the tread layer and to prothe tire tread, the said cushion being composed Vide fOl SUHeieIlt flexibility t0 minimize normal of a rubber compound relatively softer than that temperatures. from which the tread is formed but somewhat In attaining this erlfly the layer 3 iS COmPOSed La harder than the antimony-containing interme- 0f e rubber COmpOuIld which 1S softer and more 45 diate ply. The composition of the cushion layer resilient than that employed in What may be is such that it is more resilient than the tread, termed the Cushion can 6, that is, the interbas a lower modulus and will not develop heat as mediate layer has a lower modulus (ratio of stress readily when nexed as will the tread, the said to strain) than the cushion cap 6. It contains 5@ cushion layer serving to absorb the thrusts of the eppeiiimetely 10 parts 0f Zine Oxide and 5 parts 50 'tread projections, and also to maintain the tire 0f entlmeny Sulphlde, preferably trsulphide. t0

l at sate temperatures when in operation. 100 parts by weight 0f rubber- ThiS inteime- Fora more complete understanding of the indiete leyer Will generate Very little heat when vention, reference is to be hadA to the following. flexed. Its low modulus permits it t0 Yield under mi Vdeecripticn and the accompanying drawing, very low stresses so that it permits the tread and side walls to work backn and forth as the tire iexes without transmitting the resulting push and pull to the carcass. 'I'his attribute of the intermediate layer tends to keep down the development of heat and results in a better and more permanent union between the tread and carcass. By extending the intermediate layer to the bead, the side walls of the tire casing are likewise protected in the same manner as has been set forth in reference to the tread proper. The intermediate layer, therefore, contributes to minimize those tire troubles known as curb bruises, similar to a stone bruise under the tread, but occurring in the side wall, and which are usually caused by striking the tire against a curb at an angle when parking.

The cap cushion is composed of zinc stock, well known to tire manufacturers, and .contains approximately 44 parts of zinc oxide to 100 parts of rubber. As stated, this cushion is more resilient than the tread, has a lower modulus, will not heat when flexed as rapidly as will the tread, and. also a better conductor of heat. I am aware of the fact that it has been proposed heretoiore to utilize in tire manufacture an inner layer or ply composed of a relatively soft rubber having substantially the above such a layer `has not, prior to my present invention, been outlined in conjunction with a softer inner cushion containing antimony sulphide.

The tread stock may be of standard composition, in that it contains approximately 42 parts by weight of carbon black per parts of rubber. This stock has all of the usual properties such as abrasion resistance, stiiness and other wear resisting qualities.

By virtue of this construction, arrangement and composition df rubber plies around the cord 'carcass of a tire, the latter possesses unusually high resistance to those forces, encountered in tire operation which tend to produce premature deterioration of the tire over usual tread wear. The

construction of the tire is such as to avoid pardescribed composit-ion of the cushion 6 but so far as I am aware ticularly tire failures falling under the term oi.' blow-outs, which are attributable in the main to the weakening of the tire carcass by excessive internal temperatures and the development of an imperfect union between the tread and carcass.

It will be understood that the proportions of the materials above specified may be varied somewhat without departing from the underlying spirit and scope of the invention. Also the rubber plies may contain the usual vulcanizing agents, accelerators and antioxidants as is customary in tire manufacture.

What is claimed is:

1. A pneumatic tire comprising a fabric carcass and a compound outer covering of rubber, said outer covering being composed of an outer tread vand side wall layer of relatively hard high abrasive-resisting properties, an intermediate cap layer of a more resilient composition than the tread layer, and an inner layer adjacent said cap layer and of a softer andmore resilient composition than the cap layer,A the said inner layer containing antimony sulphide, rubber and zinc oxide, said intermediate cap layer containing approximately 44 parts by Weight of zinc oxide per 100 parts of rubber and being relatively thin in cross-section as compared to the outer tread.

2. A pneumatic tire comprising a fabric carcass and a compound outer covering of rubber, said outer covering being composed of an outer tread and side wall layer of relatively hard high abrasive-resisting properties, an intermediate cap layer of\a more resilient composition than'the tread layer, and an inner layer adjacent said cap layer and of a softer and more resilient composition than` the cap layer, the said inner layer containing antimony sulphide, rubber and zinc oxidesaid intermediate cap layer containing approx'imately 44 parts by Weight of zinc oxide per CFI 100 parts of rubber, and said inner layer con- 40 taining approximately 10 parts by weight of zinc oxide per 100 parts of rubber.

RALPH M. REEL. 

